Low energy measurements of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Be</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The $^{11}\mathrm{B}{(p,2\ensuremath{\alpha})}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ reaction is being discussed as a prime candidate for advanced aneutronic fusion fuel systems. Particular interest in this reaction has recently emerged for laser driven plasma systems for energy generation and jet-propulsion systems. The lack of long-lived radioactive reaction products has been suggested as the main advantage of proton-boron fusion fuel. However, 19% of natural boron is $^{10}\mathrm{B}$, with the $^{10}\mathrm{B}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ fusion reaction producing long-lived $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ as a side product.Purpose: A detailed measurement of the $^{10}\mathrm{B}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ reaction over the critical energy range of hot fusion plasma environments will help to determine the amount of $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ radioactivity being produced. This information can be used in turn to monitor the actual fusion temperature by offline measurement of the extracted $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ activity. The goal of the here presented experiment is to expand on the results of earlier experiments, covering a wider energy range of interest for aneutronic plasma fusion applications, including also both $^{10}\mathrm{B}(p,{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0})^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ and the $^{10}\mathrm{B}(p,{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1})^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ reaction channels.Method: The reaction cross section was measured over a wide energy range from ${E}_{p}=400$ to 1000 keV using particle detection and from ${E}_{p}=80$ to 1440 keV using $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectroscopic techniques. Reaction $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles were measured at different angles to obtain angular distribution information. The results are discussed in terms of an $R$-matrix analysis.Results: The cross section data cover a wider energy range than previously investigated and bridge a gap in the previously available data sets. The cross sections show good agreement with previous results in the low energy region and show that the $^{10}\mathrm{B}(p,{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0})^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ channel is considerably larger than that of the $^{10}\mathrm{B}(p,{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1})^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ channel up to ${E}_{p}\ensuremath{\approx}1\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$.Conclusions: The new reaction data provides important new information about the reaction cross section over the entire energy range of plasma fusion facilities. This data, when coupled with previous measurement of the competing $^{10}\mathrm{B}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})^{11}\mathrm{C}$ reaction, will provide the opportunity for an extensive $R$-matrix analysis of the rather complex level structure in the $^{11}\mathrm{C}$ compound nucleus system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.069 | 0.033 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".