Climate Change Effects on the Pest Status and Distribution of the Bean Leaf Beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Förster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), has recently become a major pest of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in North America. With the possibility of further economic losses, an understanding of the potential indirect and direct effects of climate change on the severity of this pest is required. The plant-mediated effects of elevated CO2 on bean leaf beetle fecundity were examined. While non-nitrogen-fixing plants generally show decreases in leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio under elevated CO2, which can negatively impact insect herbivores, there was no change in the carbon to nitrogen ratio of soybean leaves, a nitrogen-fixer, in this study. The lack of change in leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio under elevated CO2 may explain the absence of a treatment effect on bean leaf beetle fecundity in one year of the experiment. However, in the second year, there was an increase in bean leaf beetle fecundity under elevated CO2. Using a multi-year field experiment, I examined the potential direct effects of climate change, namely the impacts of warmer winters on bean leaf beetle overwintering survival and spring emergence. Under increased temperatures, bean leaf beetles emerged 10 to 20 days earlier in the spring which could allow for an additional generation during the growing season. Higher temperatures also led to decreased survival. I developed a bioclimatic envelope model for the bean leaf beetle to examine the direct effects of climate change on a broader scale. I combined this model with the soybean climate envelope to predict the future potential distribution of the bean leaf beetle based both on climate and host plant availability. Since soybean generally has narrower tolerances than the bean leaf beetle, incorporation of host plant availability had a substantial impact on predictions of bean leaf beetle distribution. The inclusion of climate projections from multiple general circulation models (GCMs) and scenarios was a source of variability in our predictions, with only two of the three GCMs predicting further expansion of the bean leaf beetle into Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".