Parental Psychological Control and Authoritarianism in Chinese-Canadian and European-Canadian Cultural Groups: Their Meanings and Implications for University Students’ Adjustment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While psychological control and parental authoritarianism are thought to be distinct but related constructs (Barber & Harmon, 2002), the empirical relationships between measures of the constructs has not been assessed. This study examined these relationships, as reported by Chinese-Canadian and European-Canadian undergraduates. It also determined the extent to which participants’ reports of their mothers’ and fathers’ authoritarianism and psychological control uniquely predicted undergraduates’ own levels of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. The associations between reports of parenting and these indicators of adjustment were similar in both groups. Across groups, there was evidence that the measures of psychological control and authoritarianism reflected distinct constructs, which were strongly positively associated. Psychological control best predicted depression and self-esteem; neither authoritarianism nor psychological control predicted unique variance in anxiety. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".