Effect of Ezetimibe Monotherapy on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and on Markers of Cholesterol Synthesis and Absorption in Japanese Patients With Hypercholesterolemia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of ezetimibe monotherapy on serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in Japanese patients and to investigate the association between changes of LDL-C and changes of markers for cholesterol synthesis and absorption. METHODS: Seventy-six hypercholesterolemic patients without statin therapy were enrolled and randomized to two groups, which were an ezetimibe group (group E, n = 44) and a control group without ezetimibe treatment that received diet therapy alone (group C, n = 32). The study period was 12 weeks. In group E, 10 mg of ezetimibe was administered daily after breakfast. Serum lipids were measured every 4 weeks, while lathosterol (a cholesterol synthesis marker) and campesterol and sitosterol (cholesterol absorption markers) were examined at baseline and at 12 weeks. RESULTS: A significant reduction of LDL-C was observed in group E at both 4 and 12 weeks (from 155 ± 3.9 to 128 ± 3.4 mg/dL and 132 ± 3.9 mg/dL, respectively, both P < 0.01), associated with an increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)at 12 weeks (from 53 ± 1.3 to 55 ± 1.5 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and no change of triglycerides. In contrast, none of these lipids changed in group C. An increase of lathosterol and a decrease of campesterol and sitosterol were observed in group E, while none of these markers changed in group C. When group E was divided into two subgroups according to the reduction of LDL-C, which were a good response group (reduction ≥ 20 mg/dL, ΔLDL-C = -27.9 ± 1.3 mg/dL, n = 18) and a poor response group (reduction < 20 mg/dL, ΔLDL-C = -3.7 ± 2.5 mg/dL, n = 26), baseline levels of campesterol and sitosterol were higher in the good response group. CONCLUSION: Ezetimibe monotherapy reduced LDL-C and increased HDL-C, with the reduction of LDL-C being greater in patients with higher levels of cholesterol absorption markers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".