"Imagens construtoras de nação: Rugendas e seus desenhos sobre indígenas no Brasil e na Argentina"
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Este trabalho identifica e analisa as imagens ‘nacionalizadas’ sobre os índios dos atuais territórios brasileiros e argentinos, a partir de dois conjuntos iconográficos elaborados pelo artista-viajante alemão Johann Moritz Rugendas em ambos os países: as 16 litografias sobre os indígenas reunidas no seu álbum Viagem Pitoresca através do Brasil e as 25 ilustrações vinculadas ao poema La Cautiva, do escritor romântico argentino Esteban Echeverría. Comparando ambos os conjuntos, demonstro que os contextos e as redes sociais do artista lhe deram a oportunidade de ‘ver’ o que ‘se podia’ pintar. A análise oferece ferramentas centrais para refletir sobre as políticas visuais envolvidas na construção e divulgação das representações sobre os indígenas no Brasil e na Argentina durante os séculos XIX, XX e XXI, demonstrando-se aqui o trabalho social dessas imagens e suas penetrantes consequências políticas até os nossos dias.Palavras-chave: Imagens sobre os indígenas. Rugendas. Brasil. Argentina. Políticas visuais.Nation building images: Rugendas and his drawings of Brazilian and Argentinian indigenous peoplesAbstractThis text identifies and analyses ‘nationalized’ images of Indigenous populations from contemporary Brazilian and Argentinean territories. The analysis is centered on two iconographic sets authored by the German artist traveller Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858): the 16 lithographs gathered in his album Picturesque Travel through Brazil and the 25 drawings illustrating the poem The Captive, written by the Argentinean romantic writer Esteban Echeverría. Comparing both sets of images, I argue that the artist’s contexts and social relationships, framed what there was ‘to see’ and what could be ‘painted’. This analysis offers central resources to understand visual policies involved in the processes of construction and dissemination of images of indigenous peoples in Brazil and Argentina during the 19th, the 20th, and the 21st century, demonstrating the social work of these images and its resilient political consequences until the present.Key words: Images about indigenous people. Rugendas. Brazil. Argentina. Visual policies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".