An explorative investigation of the dynamics of housing affordability in a booming oil economy: a case study of St. John's, Newfoundland 1991-2011
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Researchers have addressed the dynamics of housing affordability in the major metropolitan areas in Canada. However, housing costs are also growing rapidly in smaller resource driven urban agglomerations during commodity booms. The objective of this thesis is to explore the dynamics of housing affordability in such urban agglomerations with a focus on St. John’s, Newfoundland. This project encompasses two sections. An exploratory section of the thesis presents a descriptive data analysis approach to the evolution of incomes and housing costs between 1991 and 2011, followed by an investigation of trends in housing cost to income ratio, homeownership rate, housing debt and housing quality. The second section employs a more rigorous methodology of quantile regression analysis to ascertain the relative importance of various household characteristics on housing cost to income burden. This thesis finds that new patterns of growing housing affordability problems are emerging in smaller resource driven urban agglomerations in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".