Hydrodeoxygenation of 2-Methoxyphenol over Ru, Pd, and Mo<sub>2</sub>C Catalysts Supported on Carbon
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 2-methoxyphenol (or guaiacol, GUA) over Pd, Ru, and Mo 2 C catalysts supported on activated carbon (AC) is compared. The activities of the catalysts for hydrogenation versus deoxygenation on a per site basis, measured over a range of temperatures in a liquid phase batch reactor at high H 2 pressure (3.4 MPa), are quantified using lumped kinetics. The overall GUA consumption rate decreases in the order Pd > Ru > Mo 2 C. Hydrogenation of the phenyl ring of GUA occurs at a low temperature (240 °C) on both the Pd/AC and Ru/AC catalysts. At a higher temperature (≥300 °C), the R–OCH 3 and R–OH bonds of the hydrogenated products are cleaved yielding cyclohexanol, cyclohexane (Pd and Ru), and benzene (Ru) as major products. On the Mo 2 C/AC catalyst, HDO of GUA occurs by direct demethoxylation yielding phenol followed by Ar–OH bond cleavage to ultimately yield benzene at high temperatures. The lumped kinetics indicate that the hydrogenation activity of the Pd catalyst (on a per site basis, as determined from CO uptake measurements) is about 6 times higher than the Ru, but Ru is more active for O removal. Although the Mo 2 C is the least active, it is the most efficient in terms of O-removal with minimal H 2 consumption.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it