Formate Kinetics in Folate Deficiency state in Young Swine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of folate deficiency on formate kinetics during formate insult in young swine. Introduction: Formate is a toxic metabolite of MeOH. Detoxification of formate is through its metabolism to CO 2 and H 2 O. Folate is a required cofactor. Method: Twelve young pigs were pair‐matched and randomly divided into two groups on acquisition (~5 weeks). One group was made folate deficient (FFD) by elimination of folic acid from the diet, the other group (FFC) was supplement with folate. Four animals (31–38 kg) from each group were infused with 351mg/kg of sodium formate. The remaining 2 animals were injected with normal saline. Blood samples were collected before, and at 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 480 min post dose. Results: Formate accumulation in the FFD group was higher than the FFC group (AUC of 75830±44868 vs 34671±12952, respectively). Elimination was also slower in the FFD (clearance of 0.13±0.05 ml/min in FFC group compared to 0.27±0.14 and a slope of −0.009±0.003 vs −0.046±0.049, respectively). Half‐life was 2.9 times higher in FFD group than in FFC group (86±29 min vs 30±22). A first order kinetics was observed in the FFC and zero order kinetics for the FFD. Conclusion: Adequate folate state is important in faster elimination of formate. A deficiency state alters formate pharmcokinetics, increasing risk of formate toxicity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".