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Record W2610033967

Birds In Germany

2008· article· en· W2610033967 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Josef H. Lindholm

Bibliographic record

VenueAFA Watchbird · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicSpecies Distribution and Climate Change
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGermanWifeNest boxCaptivityWhite (mutation)GeographyDemographyEcologySociologyArchaeologySeasonal breederPolitical scienceBiology
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

For Americans visiting German zoos, the question could easily be where not to go and what not to see. InAbenteuerZoo,aguidebooktozoosinGermany,Austria and Switzerland (Petzold & Sorge, 2007), 454 German collections of living animals are described to varying degrees, and another 175 are simply listed-a total of 629 zoos, aquariums, bird parks, nature centers, butterfly houses, city park aviaries, safari parks, etc. I made my first trip to Germany, for thirteen days, in April and May 2008, in the company of my wife, Natalie, who had been there once ten years before. Among the nine zoos we visited, I'm sure I saw well over 800 species and subspecies of birds, perhaps closer to a thousand, of which at least 110 were birds I had never seen in captivity before. Before discussing the birds I saw in each collection, I think it would be useful to share some observations: Always carry some small change. In many, but not all zoos, the restrooms (for both sexes) are managed by middle-aged women wearing white smocks, who expect the equivalent of about 50 cents if one avails oneself of their facility. They usually have a dish with a sign sitting by the door, but often keep watch on the proceedings. Zoos, especially the bigger ones, often have one or more restaurants that serve full-scale hot meals ( usually cafeteria style, but sometimes with wait-staff). Although one comes across things like the Mexican restaurant at Frankfurt, the food is often very German. I enjoyed it-especially the soused (brinecured) herring in House Wife Sauce, which I had at both the zoos in Berlin. Eggs (the kind you eat) have bright orange yolks. They feed the chickens canthaxanthin. (It used to be ground-up beets) If you see the word in menus, it means berries. The beer you drink is spelled bier. Dandelions are not considered an eyesore. Rather, they are enjoyed as ornaments on meadows and lawns. Zoologischer Garten Frankfurt It's around a nine-hour non-stop flight to Frankfurt-am-Main from Dallas, over Arctic Canada, the south coast of Greenland, the United Kingdom and Holland. One can take the subway from the airport to the zoo, with, if memory serves, one change of trains.  At 101 species as of mid-2008, Frankfurt's bird collection is not comparatively large, but is very choice, and deservedly famous. Established in 1858, and relocated to its present site in 1874, this 32-acre zoo is now surrounded by apartment buildings, churches and schools. During the Second World War, an antiaircraft battery was installed on the zoo grounds, with the result that four fifths of the zoo and nine tenths of the animal collection were destroyed by allied bombing. Under the brilliant postwar administration of Dr. Bernhard Grzimek, reconstruction featured beautifully designed exhibits. Among these was the Bird House. Opened in 1961, and little altered since then, it features spacious planted aviaries, which have always contained a choice collection. Over the last four decades, the number of species hatched in this building is startling, distinguished by many first breedings. A display case at one of the entrances lists these accomplishments by the year they first occurred. One species, which has been bred only at Frankfurt, is the Gray-headed Bald Crow (Picathartes oreas), first hatched there in 1971. One, hatched in 1984, is the last member of its genus alive outside of Africa. (The other species of Picathartes, P. gymnocephalus, the White-necked Bald Crow, was also first hatched in captivity at Frankfurt, in 1965. The last captive specimen of that species, also hatched in 1984, was hatched and died at the San Antonio Zoo). While the last living Picathartes outside of Africa, sharing a very large display with a Congo Peacock, may take pride of place among the inhabitant's of Frankfurt's Bird House, it shares it with a very distinguished collection. African monarch flycatchers have always been rare in captivity, but Frankfurt has kept and bred Brown-throated Wattle-eyes (Platysteira cyanea) for years. In one of the specially designed aquarium-like displays for aquatic birds, is a Little Grebe, hatched at the Dresden Zoo. There are a number of species managed in European Zoo consortia, such as the Bali Mynahs (currently breeding), Montserrat Oriole, and the Grayson's or Soccorro Dove (for which the European Associaiton of Zoos and Aquariums...

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.136
Threshold uncertainty score0.454

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.002
Open science0.0000.002
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.1360.071

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.028
GPT teacher head0.234
Teacher spread0.206 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2008
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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