Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study is an acoustic examination of laterals in Lower Sorbian, an endangered language spoken in eastern Germany. Acoustic data for two dialects of Lower Sorbian (one with the dark lateral and one which underwent the sound change to /w/; both have a clear lateral, /l/) was collected and analyzed using a SSANOVA to examine temporal characteristics of these sounds. The findings suggest that there is a difference in the gestural timing between the clear and dark lateral in word initial and final positions. The dark lateral has earlier achievement F2-F1 target, suggesting an earlier achievement of the tongue dorsum retraction; F2-F1 remains low throughout the following vowel, suggesting a backing effect. The clear lateral has intensifying F2-F1 suggesting tongue dorsum retraction over the duration, until the onset of the following vowel. The data also suggests that lenition of the tongue tip in the word final position could have been a trigger for the sound change. In word final position, there is also a much higher F3 for /w/, suggesting weaker lip rounding, resulting in a similar F3 frequency and trajectory for the dark lateral. This also suggests a similar vocal tract shape between the dark lateral and /w/.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".