Relationship Between Lifespan and Mechanical Performance of Railway Ballast Aggregate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As the lifespan is main criterion for selection of the aggregate for ballast and for planning the maintenance of the railroad, it is important to define relationship between the particle load resistant characteristics and ballast‘s lifetime in structure. Assessment of the quality of the ballast particles under dynamic and static loading should reflect both, the toughness and hardness, and these can be identified with the values of Los Angeles Abrasion and microDeval Abrasion. In order to predict the amount of loads, expressed in cumulated tonnes, the model formerly developed by Canadian Pacific Railroads was adapted. A number of different aggregate mixtures were tested in the laboratory including dolomite and granite rocks. The results were used to assess the gross tonnage possible to transport during the lifetime of ballast until repair or reconstruction should be done. The outcome of this study is the possibility to classify the requirements for aggregates‘ Los Angeles abrasion and micro-Deval abrasion values attributing them to designed traffic volumes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".