Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Constitution of India has embodied a faith in the words of Abraham Lincon “that the Government of the people, for the people and by the people shall not perish upon this earth”. In consideration, the founding fathers who wrote the constitution, created three arms-Parliament, Executive and the Judiciary. In the Constitutional scheme parliament is not supreme. It is subject to a major limitation-that legislation does not violate any fundamental rights or constitutional values. In the context, the judiciary can strike down any law that is beyond Parliament’s legislative competence or is violative of the Constitution. In line, Article 142 of the Constitution had given a unique extraordinary power to our Supreme Court to do complete justice in any matter before it. As the umpire of the constitutional system and the legal process, the Supreme Court has to strive to relieve the tensions of a developing nation, to resolve the conflicts of a diverse and open society and to accommodate adjudicate antagonistic demands for justice. In performing those difficult and complex tasks with considerable erudition, understanding and wisdom, the judicial system as a whole and the summit courts, in particular, has made an important and enduring contribution to nation-building (Singhvi, 1979). In the light of these the judiciary has shed its pro-status-quo approach and taken upon itself the duty to enforce the basic rights of the poor and vulnerable sections of society, by progressive interpretation and positive action. Judicial activism refers to the interference of the judiciary in the legislative and executive fields. It mainly occurs due to the non-activity of the other organs of the government and relates closely to constitutional interpretation, statutory construction and separation of powers.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.030 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.024 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".