Interaction of multiple corrosion defects on burst pressure of pipelines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The strength of pipeline with multiple corrosion patches depends on the number of corrosion patches within an area on the pipe surface, the locations of corrosion patches along the longitudinal and circumferential directions of the pipe. In this paper, the strength and deformation characteristics of corroded pipeline are investigated using finite element analysis. Pipes with different diameters and different depths of corrosion patches are considered. The spacing of the corrosion patches is varied along longitudinal, diagonal, and circumferential directions of the pipes. The study shows that the limiting spacing for interaction of corrosion patches depends predominantly on pipe wall thickness, corrosion depth, and the location of the defects. The diameter of the pipe has some influence on the interaction for large diameter pipes. A new interaction rule for the limiting spacing for interaction is developed for longitudinally spaced corrosion patches. For circumferentially spaced corrosion patches, the ASME recommendation for the limiting spacing is found to be reasonable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".