Altered cargo proteins of human plasma endothelial cell–derived exosomes in atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plasma endothelial cell-derived exosomes (EDEs) and platelet-derived exosomes (PDEs) were precipitated and enriched separately by immunospecific absorption procedures for analyses of cargo proteins relevant to atherosclerosis. EDEs had usual exosome size and marker protein content, and significantly higher levels than PDEs of the endothelial proteins vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, whereas PDEs had significantly higher levels of platelet glycoprotein VI. EDE levels of VCAM-1, von Willebrand factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, angiopoietin-1, and lysyl oxidase-2 and the cerebrovascular-selective proteins glucose transporter 1, permeability-glycoprotein, and large neutral amino acid transporter 1 were significantly higher for 18 patients with cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) than for 18 age- and gender-matched control subjects. PDE levels of PDGF-AA, platelet glycoprotein VI, integrin-linked kinase-1, high mobility group box-1 protein, chemokine CXCL4, and thrombospondin-1 were significantly higher in patients with CeVD than in control subjects, but differences were less with greater overlaps than for EDE proteins. EDE levels of Yes-associated protein (YAP) were higher and of P(S127)-YAP lower in patients with CeVD than in control subjects, consistent with heightened activity of this mechanical force-sensitive system in atherosclerosis. Elevated EDE and PDE levels of atherosclerosis-promoting proteins in CeVD justify clinical studies of their potential value as biomarkers.-Goetzl, E. J., Schwartz, J. B., Mustapic, M., Lobach, I. V., Daneman, R., Abner, E. L., Jicha, G. A. Altered cargo proteins of human plasma endothelial cell-derived exosomes in atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".