Settler Anxiety and State Support for Missionary Schooling in Colonial British Columbia, 1849 –1871
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Indigenous peoples and settlers engaged in innumerable conflicts in the colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia between 1849 and 1871. The constant threat of violent Indigenous resistance to settler colonization in the Pacific Northwest—both real and imagined—produced feelings of anxiety for settlers, especially state officials, that shaped colonial strategy and statecraft. To buttress colonial security, the nascent state partnered with Christian missionaries in the hope that missionaries could use education to cultivate the goodwill of Indigenous peoples and train them to accept colonization. The state’s support for early missionary schooling in colonial British Columbia is examined in the context of settler anxieties regarding three instances of Indigenous resistance: a Lekwungen convergence at Fort Victoria in 1851, the Puget Sound War of 1855–56, and the 1864 Tsilhqot'in War. In different ways, settler anxiety over these conflicts acted as a catalyst, prodding the state to support missionary schooling as a financially expeditious way of trying to contain Indigenous resistance and safeguard colonial security. RÉSUMÉ Entre 1849 et 1871, les colonies de l’île de Vancouver et de la Colombie-Britannique sont le lieu d’innombrables con its entre les peuples autochtones et les colons. La menace constante — réelle et imaginaire — d’une résistance violente des Autochtones à la colonisation dans le nord-ouest du Pacifique a engendré un sentiment d’anxiété chez les colons, et en particulier chez les fonctionnaires de l’État, ce qui a façonné la stratégie et la gestion coloniale. Afin de renforcer la sécurité coloniale, l’État naissant s’est associé avec les missionnaires chrétiens dans l’espoir qu’ils utilisent l’éducation afin d’assurer la bienveillance des peuples autochtones et de les amener à accepter la colonisation. Cet article examine le soutien apporté par l’État aux premiers efforts d’enseignement missionnaire en Colombie-Britannique coloniale, dans le contexte des inquiétudes des colons par rapport à trois actes de résistance autochtone : un rassemblement Lekwungen au Fort Victoria en 1851, la guerre du Puget Sound de 1855–1856 et la guerre des Tsilhqot'in de 1864. À maints égards, l’inquiétude des colons alimentée par ces conflits a agi comme un catalyseur, poussant l’État à soutenir l’enseignement missionnaire dans l’espoir d’arriver à contenir la résistance autochtone et à assurer la sécurité coloniale à peu de frais.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it