Practice guidelines for pharmacists: The management of osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting more than 1 in 8 Canadians. 1 With an aging population, the prevalence of OA in Canada is rising.From 2010 to 2031, the prevalence of OA is projected to increase from 13.8% to 18.6%, with the total direct costs projected to increase from $2.9 billion to $7.6 billion, an almost 2.6-fold increase. 2OA has traditionally been thought to be a progressive disease of the synovial joints that is due to daily "wear and tear" from excessive and repetitive force on joint cartilage.4][5][6] The result is a breakdown of cartilage and bone, leading to symptoms of pain, stiffness and functional disability.The joints most commonly affected by OA (in order of prevalence) are the hands, knees, hips and spine.OA is more prevalent with age, affecting nearly half the population older than 70. 3 In addition to advancing age, female gender is a significant risk factor.Other risk factors include obesity, quadriceps muscle weakness, family history, joint injury and joint overuse or injury (e.g., participation in certain sports). 3,7
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.032 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".