Movements of the Quebec Bridge's Suspended Span Measured by GNSS Technology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Quebec Bridge was completed in 1917 and it is still the longest cantilever bridge in the world. Overall, the actual movements of its suspended span, as detected by GNSS (between 2012 and 2013), are in fair agreement with the original design calculations: for the train loading effect on the vertical movement (17 cm for one freight train); the transversal wind load effect on the transversal movement (32 cm for a wind speed of 170 km/h); and the temperature loading effect on the ver ti cal movement of the suspended span (3.2 cm for a 50°C temperature variation). Further movements have been detected by GNSS technology, namely: the transversal and longitudinal movements of the suspended bridge span due to train passages (11 cm transversally, at the top of the suspended span, and 1 cm longitudinally); the transversal movement of the bridge caused by solar radiation (differential) conditions on both sides of the bridge (5 cm for high solar radiation values); and the longitudinal movement of the suspended span of the Quebec Bridge at temperatures lower than 6°C (7 cm to −25°C).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".