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Record W2611542511

Les obstacles à l'actualisation des banlieues d'après-guerre dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal : le cas de Laval-des-Rapides et Pont-Viau

2016· article· fr· W2611542511 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Samuel Descôteaux Fréchette

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicFrench Urban and Social Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHumanitiesArtPolitical science
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Les banlieues d’apres-guerre de la region metropolitaine de Montreal sont des territoires complexes, tant du point de vue morphologique que demographique et leurs populations sont changeantes. Ces banlieues aux profils varies ne sont donc plus les milieux de vie homogenes de classe moyenne blanche qu’elles ont pu etre pendant quelques annees au lendemain de la Deuxieme Guerre mondiale. Elles seront par ailleurs le theâtre de grands changements sociaux, economiques et environnementaux dans les prochaines decennies. Bien qu’elles ne soient pas caracterisees par le declin demographique comme le sont d’autres banlieues nord-americaines d’apres-guerre, certaines d’entre elles sont touchees par de nombreux enjeux lies au vieillissement demographique, a la devitalisation des espaces commerciaux de proximite et a une forme urbaine mesadaptee aux lignes directrices du developpement durable. Elles s’inscrivent peu ou pas dans un processus d’actualisation, defini comme etant l’adaptation d’un type d’espace amenage afin de repondre aux transformations sociales, economiques et environnementales contemporaines et futures. L’actualisation s’effectue par le biais de multiples interventions et pratiques regroupees sous trois types d’approches, soit la densification (douce, forte), la diversification (fonctionnelle, typologique, modale) et l’adaptation (technologique, culturelle, demographique). Qu’elles soient isolees ou en synergie, ces interventions et pratiques transforment le territoire pour repondre a des besoins et des contextes changeants. Ce memoire vise a mettre en lumiere les obstacles politiques et sociaux qui empechent a ces zones de s’actualiser, et donc de se reinventer. Les resultats ont ete obtenus par le biais d’une methodologie qualitative basee sur une recherche documentaire et des entretiens semi-diriges aupres de membres du personnel municipal de Laval et de citoyen(ne)s residant a Laval-des-Rapides et a Pont-Viau. Ils temoignent d’une inadequation entre les perceptions des autorites municipales quant a l’actualisation (planification urbanistique, exercices d’information, de consultation et de concertation, mecanismes de repartition des externalites) et celles des citoyen(ne)s. D’abord, les resultats mettent l’accent sur le caractere prioritaire d’une refonte reglementaire qui tienne compte de la presence marquee dans le paysage suburbain de pratiques informelles qui sont jugees non conformes par les autorites et qui concernent autant le cadre bâti que les activites y ayant lieu. Ensuite, ils soulignent l’importance d’un changement de paradigme dans les milieux municipaux pour reconsiderer la place de l’information a la population comme vecteur d’appropriation de l’actualisation, de la concertation comme exercice de coconstruction et de la distribution des externalites positives de l’actualisation comme reconnaissance des interets individuels des citoyen(ne)s, en conformite avec les interets collectifs. Ces resultats demontrent qu’une reevaluation du rapport entre les citoyen(ne)s et les autorites municipales est non seulement necessaire, mais s’inscrit dans une reflexion plus large sur l’equilibre de l’apport du prive et du public dans l’amenagement et le reamenagement des espaces urbanises. Postwar suburbs in the Montreal metropolitan area are complex territories, both morphologically and demographically, and their populations are changing. These suburbs are no longer homogeneous living environments of white middle class populations like they had been in the few years succeeding the Second World War. They will be the scenes of major social, economic and environmental changes in the coming decades. Although they don’t appear to be characterized by demographic decline, as are some other postwar suburbs in North America, they are instead affected by many issues related to an aging population and a decline in both the economic vitality of commercial spaces, and progress towards developing sustainably. Very few of them are characterized by proactive retrofitting, a process defined as the adaptation of a type of space to meet contemporary and future social, economic and environmental changes. Proactive retrofitting is carried out through multiple interventions and practices grouped under three types or approaches, which are densification (soft, hard) diversification (functional, typological, modal) and adaptation (technological, cultural, demographic). Whether isolated or in synergy, these interventions and practices transform the territory to meet changing needs and contexts. This is why it is important to understand what the political and social barriers are to these areas so they can reinvent themselves. The results, obtained through a qualitative methodology based on documentary research and semi-directed interviews with staff members of the Ville de Laval and citizens of Laval-des-Rapides and Pont-Viau, demonstrate an inadequacy between the perceptions of the municipal authorities regarding proactive retrofitting (urban planning, information and consultation exercises, mechanisms for distribution of externalities) and those of the citizens. Firstly, the results emphasize the importance of a regulatory overhaul that considers the strong presence of informal practices in the suburban landscape that are judged non-compliant by the authorities, and concern both the built environment and the activities taking place in it. Secondly, they stress the importance of a paradigm shift in municipal circles that reconsiders the place of information transmitted to the population as a vector of appropriation of retrofitting, consultation as an exercise of co-construction, and distribution of positive externalities of retrofitting as recognition of the individual interests of citizens, in accordance with the collective ones. These results demonstrate that a reassessment of the relationship between citizens and municipal authorities is not only necessary, but is part of a broader reflection of the balance of private and public input in the development and redevelopment of urbanized areas.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.035
Threshold uncertainty score0.252

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0080.005
Scholarly communication0.0050.001
Open science0.0020.003
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.063
GPT teacher head0.292
Teacher spread0.229 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2016
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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