Fault studies of MMC-HVDC links using FPGA and CPU on a real-time simulator with iteration capability
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The detailed real-time simulation of MMC-based HVDC links is one of the most challenging tasks in power system validation today, requiring the combined use of CPU and FPGA technologies. The inclusion of surge arresters in the real-time fault tests further increases the difficulties because of the highly non-linear characteristics of such protective devices. In this paper, the OPAL-RT digital real-time simulator (DRTS) with the iteration capable State-Space-Nodal (SSN) solver is demonstrated to be accurate in such fault testing conditions. Two test cases are used for this purpose: an MMC-HVDC link based on the 401-level France-Spain link and a 271-level MMC system working in STATCOM mode.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it