Computing isomorphisms and embeddings of finite fields
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper F Subscript q"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {F}_q</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a finite field. Given two irreducible polynomials <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f comma g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f,g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> over <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper F Subscript q"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {F}_q</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , with <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="degree f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>deg</mml:mi> <mml:mo> </mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\deg f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> dividing <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="degree g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>deg</mml:mi> <mml:mo> </mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\deg g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , the finite field embedding problem asks to compute an explicit description of a field embedding of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper F Subscript q Baseline left-bracket upper X right-bracket slash f left-parenthesis upper X right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {F}_q[X]/f(X)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> into <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper F Subscript q Baseline left-bracket upper Y right-bracket slash g left-parenthesis upper Y right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {F}_q[Y]/g(Y)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . When <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="degree f equals degree g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>deg</mml:mi> <mml:mo> </mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>deg</mml:mi> <mml:mo> </mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\deg f = \deg g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , this is also known as the isomorphism problem. This problem, a special instance of polynomial factorization, plays a central role in computer algebra software. We review previous algorithms, due to Lenstra, Allombert, Rains, and Narayanan, and propose improvements and generalizations. Our detailed complexity analysis shows that our newly proposed variants are at least as efficient as previously known algorithms, and in many cases significantly better. We also implement most of the presented algorithms, compare them with the state of the art computer algebra software, and make the code available as an open source. Our experiments show that our new variants consistently outperform available software.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it