Electro-Oxidation of Borohydride in a Molten Alkali Hydroxide Eutectic Mixture and a Novel Borohydride/Periodate Molten Electrolyte Battery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The NaBH 4 electro-oxidation kinetics in a molten NaOH-KOH eutectic mixture (0.585:0.415 mole fractions) is investigated on Ni, electrochemically oxidized Ni and Pt electrodes in conjunction with the performance of a novel NaBH 4 /KIO 4 battery [1, 2]. The oxidized Ni shows excellent electrocatalytic activity towards BH 4 - oxidation at 458 K, with apparent exchange current density, Tafel slope and electron transfer coefficient of 22.54 mA cm -2 , 127 mV dec -1 and 0.7 respectively. The activation energy of the BH 4 - oxidation reaction is 16.3 kJ mol -1 . The BH 4 - diffusion coefficient was determined using a chronoamperometric technique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the anodically oxidized Ni reveals the formation of NiO, which is responsible for the increased catalytic activity towards BH 4 - oxidation compared to the untreated Ni electrode. A compact molten NaOH-KOH eutectic electrolyte battery with dissolved NaBH 4 at the anode, immobilized KIO 4 at the cathode and sintered Ni separator, was assembled and investigated for the first time. An oxidized Ni gauze served as the anode, whereas the cathode was Pt mesh containing the immobilized KIO 4 . Figure 1 a and b, show the NaBH 4 /KIO 4 battery polarization curves as a function of NaBH 4 molal concentration and the discharge cell voltage profile over time at 160 mA cm -2 , respectively. Fig. 1 : a) Polarization curves of the NaBH 4 /KIO 4 battery at 458 K in the NaOH-KOH eutectic mixture, b) Constant current discharge at 160 mA cm -2 with 500 milimolal NaBH 4 . Oxidized Ni gauze anode; Pt gauze cathode with 2.5 g cm -2 loading of KIO 4 ; electrolyte: NaOH-KOH eutectic mixture with mole fractions 0.515:0.485. Factorial design of experiments revealed the main and interaction effects influencing the power output of the NaBH 4 /KIO 4 battery. Temperature and cathodic KIO 4 loading have the most significant main effects on the power density, whereas the NaBH 4 concentration in the molal concentration range of 50 to 500 milimolal, has a comparatively smaller effect. A maximum power density of 210 mW cm -2 is achieved at 458 K. With further research and development it is proposed that the NaBH 4 – KIO 4 battery could be used together with solar – thermal energy storage systems. References: A.Wang and E.L. Gyenge J.Power Sources 282 (2015) 169-173. A. Wang and E.L. Gyenge , manuscript in preparation (2016). Figure 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".