Black Phase-Changing Cathodes for High-Contrast Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-contrast organic light-emitting diodes (HC-OLEDs) with black phase-changing (PC) cathodes have been designed and fabricated. The black PC-cathode consists of a front thin semitransparent metal layer, an organic PC layer, and a rear thick reflective metal layer. To achieve a targeted high contrast over the full visible spectrum, several organic molecules and their binary and ternary compounds were researched to meet optical design requirement. By combining a design in the complex refractive index and in the thickness of the PC layer, it is demonstrated that the optical reflectance of the HC-OLED can be reduced from ∼80% to below that of the glass substrate (∼5%) by using a ternary organic compound as the PC layer. This black PC-cathode produces extremely high optical contrast, and yet it does not alter the current–voltage characteristics of the device.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".