Reconciled Nanoarchitecture with Overlapped 2 D Anatomy for High‐Energy Hybrid Supercapacitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A unique and novel, flower bouquet‐like, vanadium disulfide (VS 2 ) nanosheet structure with very small prominent VS 2 nanoparticles (10–25 nm) anchored on the surface of graphene nanosheets (VS 2 /G) was synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. The material showed superior electrochemical performance upon testing as a supercapacitor and achieved specific capacitance values of 211 and 135 F g −1 at current densities of 1 and 20 A g −1 , respectively, with 97 % capacitance retention after 8000 cycles at 5 A g −1 with high coulombic efficiency. The material was used to fabricate a full‐cell hybrid supercapacitor (HSC), which showed a specific capacitance of 132 F g −1 at a current density of 1 A g −1 with remarkable cyclability up to 8000 cycles at 5 A g −1 and a loss of less than 1×10 −4 F cycle −1 . The HSC demonstrated an excellent energy density of 46.93 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 0.91 kW kg −1 and retained a high energy density of 23.11 Wh kg −1 even upon increasing the power density tenfold (9.40 kW kg −1 ). This unique material synthesized by a simple method is a very promising candidate for next‐generation energy‐storage technologies that can fill the gap between batteries and supercapacitor devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".