Spatial and Socioeconomic Analysis of Arab/West Asians and Jews in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study had three objectives: (1) to determine whether the degree of residential segregation between Arab/West Asians and Jews in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) was higher than the residential segregation between Jews and other visible minority groups; (2) to determine the spatial distribution of Arab/West Asians and Jews by census tracts; and (3) to determine the differences in the socioeconomic quality of the neighbourhoods where the two groups reside. Data from Statistics Canada's 1996 Profile Series were used. An index of dissimilarity was used to measure segregation and a composite socioeconomic index was constructed to assess inequality in the socio-economic characteristics of neighbourhoods where the two groups reside.The results revealed that Arab/West Asians and Jews were highly segregated but less segregated than Jews and most other visible minority groups. This would lead us to believe that the historical and political tensions that exist between the two groups in the Midle East ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".