Leveraging Unused Resources for Energy Optimization of FPGA Interconnect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conventional field-programmable gate arrays are typically overprovisioned with routing resources to ensure that they meet routeability targets, which results in increased routing static and dynamic power. In this paper, we leverage the excess routing conductors to reduce dynamic and static power. To reduce dynamic power, we propose to ensure that used routing conductors are adjacent to unused routing conductors, which are left floating to reduce the effective capacitance seen by active nets. To reduce static power, we observe that leakage in routing multiplexers is dominated by specific paths; if the routing conductors, which connect to the input pins on these paths, are unused and left floating, the leakage of the multiplexer may be significantly reduced. To ensure that unused conductors are allowed to float requires the use of tristate routing buffers, and thus we propose two low-cost tristate buffer topologies with different power and area-overhead tradeoffs. We also introduce CAD techniques to optimize the overall energy dissipation in the routing network using the proposed techniques. Results show that interconnect dynamic power reductions of up to 25%, interconnect static power reductions of up to 81%, and overall interconnect energy reductions ranging between 14.9%-42.7% are expected, with a critical path degradation of <;1.8% and area-overhead of 2.6%-4.8%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".