Current status and a novel framework to attract Pakistani women in physics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world, with a population of over 180 million people. It is reported in the 1998 census the sex ratio (male per 100 female) is 108.5 and the literacy ratio (education of above 10 years) is 43.92%. Population under 15 years is 43.4% and between 15 and 65 years is 53.09%. Keeping in view the current reforms and vision of “one nation – one vision” there is growing interest in developing programs to make Pakistan listed in top 25 economies by 2025. The social barriers faced by female scientists in their professional career are discussed in this paper. The opportunities for an exciting career in physics in particular for women are discussed. A degree in engineering physics as proposed in the paper could make the subject more attractive and may help in improving the position of Pakistan in the Global Innovation Index. This paper also presents the current status of women in physics and is aimed to attract women taking physics as a profession to bring innovation and thus promoting entrepreneurship in Pakistan to achieve the vision by 2025.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".