Pioneering a Rural Identity on the Canadian Shield: Tourism, Household Economies, and Poor Soils in Muskoka, Ontario, 1870–1900
Bibliographic record
Abstract
At the end of the nineteenth century, Euro-Canadians extended rural society into new frontier areas unsuited to agriculture. These efforts were informed by a perspective that conflated rural and agrarian – a perspective that continues to dominate historians' thinking about rural societies. The resettlement of Muskoka demonstrates how the Canadian Shield's poor soils forced pioneers to rethink these assumptions and, in places adjacent to the lakes, construct a rural identity based on a tourism economy. At the same time as backwoods settlers experimented with shorter-lived opportunities in the agro-forestry economy, settlers along the lakeshore embraced the opportunities of a largely forested landscape to sell accommodation, fresh foods, and services to summer visitors. The Muskoka story therefore sheds light on the critical role that local household economies played in supporting tourism, an aspect of tourism that historians have generally ignored. Furthermore, this case study offers new insights into the role that tourism played in crystallizing a specific type of rural identity. Rather than simply serving as a replacement, supplement, or challenge to an older farming or resource extraction economy, tourism defined Muskoka's social and economic identity from the earliest stages of resettlement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".