Solvent‐Free Oxidative Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles by Immobilized Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles on Alumina/Silica Support
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Highly active cobalt oxide nanoparticles supported on alumina/silica (Co 3 O 4 @Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ) were prepared by wet impregnation method and successfully employed for the solvent free (neat) oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohols/amines with o ‐phenylenediamines for the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles. The catalyst prepared during this study was characterized by various techniques like XRD, XPS, HR‐TEM, SEM‐EDAX, BET surface area and ICP‐AES analysis. Porous alumina/silica (99:1) having high surface area served as a protective heterogeneous support on which the Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles (size 2–3.5 nm) acted as an active catalyst for air‐mediated oxidative coupling. The present methodology offers significant advantages for the preparation of bioactive benzimidazole scaffold and avoids the use of hazardous and toxic reagents/solvents, oxidizing agents and elevated reaction temperatures. Moreover, the catalyst can be recovered by centrifugation and its recyclability was demonstrated up to six successive runs without any appreciable loss in the catalytic activity
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".