An 80 Gb/s Silicon Photonic Modulator Based on the Principle of Overlapped Resonances
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report a silicon photonic modulator based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) loaded with a microring modulator (MRM) on one arm and a microring resonator (MRR) on the other arm. The device is operated with the resonances of the MRM and the MRR overlapped to improve the extinction ratios and the optical modulation amplitudes. The operating principle is studied in detail using an analytical model. The measured 3-dB electro-optic bandwidth of the device is 27.4 GHz under 0-V reverse bias voltage. In the back-to-back configuration, the modulator has error-free performance up to 38 Gb/s using on-off keying (OOK) modulation without digital signal processing (DSP). At 56 Gb/s, using four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) with DSP, the measured bit error rate (BER) is below 1 × 10-6. We further present successful 56 Gb/s OOK transmission and 80 Gb/s PAM-4 transmission over 2 km of standard single mode fiber, with measured BERs below the hard-decision forward error correction threshold of 3.8 × 10-3.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".