The Social Organization of Access to Justice for Youth in ‘Unsafe’ Urban Neighbourhoods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Drawing on the feminist sociological approach, institutional ethnography, this article reveals how young people in a designated neighbourhood improvement area in Toronto, Canada, experience reduced access to justice. Young people’s stories about their interactions with the police in their neighbourhood ground an analysis of the dispersal of justice in large urban centres as shaped by and constitutive of the social relations of race, gender and class. While the research proceeds from young people’s knowledge of their work and lives, the foci of analysis are the objectified forms of thought and action that produce the individual accounts young people share. The research finds that young people’s experiences of diminished relational fairness in their encounters with the police reduce the degree to which they expect full and equal access to other juridical and administrative public institutions and processes. Ultimately, the state’s efforts to produce and manage public safety, as a bureaucratic phenomenon, undermines embodied experiences of safety and access to justice for young people who live in economically disadvantaged and racialized urban neighbourhoods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".