Dehydration kinetics for coal‐based isobutanol on <i>γ</i>‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Isobutanol dehydration using γ‐Al2O3 catalysts to produce isobutene was carried out by a fixed bed reactor at 0.1 MPa. The effects of temperature, weight hourly space velocity, and particle size of catalyst on the conversion of isobutanol and selectivity of isobutene were investigated to find the optimum reaction conditions and get the kinetics information. The experimental results indicated that higher temperature could improve the conversion of isobutanol while a peak of selectivity of isobutene can be monitored with the temperature increasing. Meanwhile, increasing the flow rate leads to a decrease in the conversion of isobutanol, but showed little effect on selectivity of isobutene. The intrinsic kinetics model of isobutanol dehydration over γ‐Al2O3 was developed according to the experimental results. The adsorption of isobutanol was considered as a rate‐determining step from the analysis results of reaction mechanism, and kinetics parameters were obtained by Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm. The calculated results agreed well with the experimental data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".