Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy studies of chromium hydroxide hollow spheres and nanoparticles formed by gamma radiation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amorphous chromium-containing solid nanoparticles and hollow spheres were formed as the intermediate product during the synthesis of Cr 2 O 3 by gamma radiolysis of dichromate solution. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) is applied to investigate the electronic structure and chemical composition of this intermediate product (solid nanoparticles and hollow spheres). The STXM result obtained at O K-edge and Cr L 3,2 -edge confirms that chromium in the sample exists as Cr 3+ and that the solid nanoparticles and hollow spheres are both Cr(OH) 3 . Combined with other techniques, a mechanism for gamma radiation induced formation of Cr 2 O 3 nanoparticles via Cr(OH) 3 intermediates from dissolved dichromate is proposed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it