Effect of Boric Acid on the Foaming Properties and Cell Structure of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Foam Prepared by Supercritical-CO<sub>2</sub> Thermoplastic Extrusion Foaming
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We prepared extruded poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) foams through combination of the PVA thermoplastic processing technology and the supercritical carbon dioxide extrusion foaming technology. Boric acid (BA) was used as a cross-linking agent to enhance the PVA’s melt strength and to improve the cell structure of its foam. Two different PVA/BA cross-linking models were discussed, and we confirmed the BA-compound formation model in our system. By applying the in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the melt viscosity analysis, we found that the PVA/BA cross-linking structure was reversible. An increase in the BA increased the PVA’s melt strength as well as its foam volume expansion ratio and cell density, so that fine and uniform cells formed. However, at a higher die temperature of >140 °C, the cross-linking between the PVA and BA was gradually broken, and this resulted in serious bubble collapse and a worsened cell structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".