Axial and lateral performance of spun-cast ductile iron helical tapered piles in clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel piling system is proposed to support solar energy panels: a spun-cast ductile iron (SCDI) tapered pile fitted with a single helical plate installed by mechanical torque. The proposed pile combines the efficiency of the tapered cross-section and the construction advantages of helical piles, as well as the competitive cost, effectiveness and durability of SCDI with a rough surface. This paper presents an investigation of its compressive, uplift and lateral performance in clay employing three-dimensional non-linear finite-element models. In addition, simulations of other pile shapes, including tapered and straight shafts, as well as conventional steel helical piles, were performed for comparison purposes. Effects of the pile length, installation technique and the presence of a top crust on the pile performance were investigated. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed pile, especially for applications that impose high uplift and lateral loading. Moment–horizontal force interaction diagrams are provided to aid in design of the proposed pile when subjected to a combination of moment and horizontal loads.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".