Representations of Capital Punishment in Canadian Penal History Museums
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Execution has been described as the pinnacle of punitiveness, both in centuries past and today as part of the rise of what is called the “punitive turn” (see Carrier 2010 for an overview and critique of the concept). While representations of this malicious practice in popular culture have been the focus of criminological and criminal justice research in the United States (e.g. Lynch 2000, 2002) and elsewhere (Carrabine 2011; Bourgon 2003), little research exists on this phenomenon in Canada. To address this gap in existing literature, we explore representations of executions in penitentiary, prison and jail museums across Canada. Museums are places where the past is depicted, where memories are created, and where culture and history are assembled (Bennett 1997, 2005). The stakes are high with such representations since they can legitimate certain social practices and offer skewed versions of history (Ott et al. 2011). These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".