Bibliographic record
Abstract
Andrea Olive, The Canadian Environment in Political Context. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016. 390 pages. ISBN 9781442608719. $49.95 paperback.Andrea Olive teaches environmental policy and wrote this book to survey Canadian field for students who are newly approaching it. This is a necessary book, even though its depth is challenged by scale and scope of what surveys, because complexity of field can be overwhelming at first instance. The Supreme Court observed in Friends of Oldman River Society v. Canada (Minister of Transport), [1992] 1 SCR 3, that the environment is not an independent matter of legislation under Constitution Act, 1867 and it is a constitutionally abstruse matter which does not comfortably fit within existing division of powers without considerable overlap and uncertainty. The overlaps and uncertainties, in policy and in law, are as real in 2016 as in 1991 when Oldman case was argued before Court. The students of today should be leaders of tomorrow, and they must understand these fundamental realities if they are to act effectively to address major environmental challenges of our time.The readers of this review will be parcticularly interested in chapters 9 and 10, which discuss Aboriginal people and environment, and politics and policy in north and far north, respectively. This review will focus on these chapters and reveal that, as with book as a whole, depth is challenged by scale and scope of what is surveyed.Chapter 9, some 26 pages, reviews demographics of Canada's Aboriginal peoples, defines First Nations, Metis, and Inuit, touches upon Canadian policy and law for Aboriginal peoples, and then considers Aboriginal politics as they affect oil fisheries, water, and species at risk. The chapter concludes that Canadian environmental policy does not yet fully engage Aboriginal peoples in management of land or resources.Chapter 10, 27 pages, defines arctic region and its Aboriginal peoples, reviews European exploration of arctic and assertion of sovereignty there, and reviews how American military history has shaped events in Arctic. It also touches upon Northwest Passage and international and domestic laws of navigation affecting arctic, refers to Aboriginal co-management affected by modern treaties, describes Arctic Council as a responsibility center for managing arctic matters in 21st century, and places Canada's domestic Northern Strategy in that context. It likewise discusses energy politics in north with reference to first and second Mackenzie Gas Projects, Trans Alaska Pipeline and Canada-Alaska pipeline, and concludes that driving forces for arctic are rapid resource development and climate change.The treatment of these policy topics is informative for new students, but not to a more advanced audience. …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".