Statistics in Focus. External trade. European Union Trade with the USA. 2000.4
Bibliographic record
Abstract
EU trade with the USA increased by about fifty per cent in value between 1995 and 1998.Exports rose from 103 billion ECU in 1995 to 160 billion in 1998, and imports increased from 104 to 151 billion.The trade balance, in slight deficit in 1995 (358 million EC U), reached a surplus of 9 272 million in 1998.The increase in volume was however less remarkable, with a 32% increase in the quantities exported to the USA and a 17% increase in those imported; value figures should thus be considered with caution, as they include also changes in price levels and the exchange rate which took place in this period.The EU trade surplus with the USA reached 15 bn euro in the first nine months of 1999.The USA is the EU's main trading partner, accounting for around 20% of total extra-EU trade; the EU closely follows Canada as the second largest trading partner of the USA, also representing around 20% of USA's external trade.Around half of EU trade with the USA is made up of 'Machines and vehicles'.Germany is the greatest exporter to the USA, whereas the UK is the main importer.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".