Increased left ventricular extracellular volume and enhanced twist function in type 1 diabetic individuals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) characteristically have high glycemic levels that over time can result in reactive fibrosis and abnormalities in myocardial function. T 1 mapping with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can estimate the extent of reactive fibrosis by measurement of the extracellular volume fraction (ECV). The extent of alterations in the ECV and associated changes in left ventricular (LV) function and morphology in individuals with T1D is unknown. Fourteen individuals with long-term T1D and 14 sex-, age-, and body mass index-matched controls without diabetes underwent MRI measurement of myocardial T 1 and ECV values as well as LV function and morphology. Ventricular mass, volumes, and global function (LVEF and circumferential/longitudinal/radial strain) were similar in those with T1D and controls. However, those with T1D had larger myocardial ECV (22.1 ± 1.8 vs. 20.1 ± 2.1, P = 0.008) and increased native (noncontrast) myocardial T 1 values (1,211 ± 44 vs. 1,172 ± 43 ms, P < 0.001) as compared with controls. Both the ECV and native T 1 values significantly correlated with several components of torsion and circumferential-longitudinal shear strain ( E cl , the shear strain component associated with twist). Individuals with T1D had increased systolic torsion ( P = 0.035), systolic torsion rate ( P = 0.032), peak E cl ( P = 0.001), and rates of change of systolic ( P = 0.007) and diastolic ( P = 0.007) E cl . Individuals with T1D, with normal structure, LVEF, and strain, have increased extracellular volume and increased native T 1 values with associated augmented torsion and E cl . These measures may be useful in detecting the early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy and warrant larger prospective studies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Individuals with type 1 diabetes, with normal left ventricular structure and function (ejection fraction and strain), have signs of interstitial fibrosis, measured with MRI as increased extracellular volume fraction and increased native myocardial T 1 , which significantly correlated with a number of measures of augmented left ventricular twist function. These measures may be useful in detecting the early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".