A simple recurrence formula for the number of rooted maps on surfaces by edges and genus
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We establish a simple recurrence formula for the number $Q_g^n$ of rooted orientable maps counted by edges and genus. The formula is a consequence of the KP equation for the generating function of bipartite maps, coupled with a Tutte equation, and it was apparently unnoticed before. It gives by far the fastest known way of computing these numbers, or the fixed-genus generating functions, especially for large $g$. The formula is similar in look to the one discovered by Goulden and Jackson for triangulations (although the latter does not rely on an additional Tutte equation). Both of them have a very combinatorial flavour, but finding a bijective interpretation is currently unsolved - should such an interpretation exist, the history of bijective methods for maps would tend to show that the case treated here is easier to start with than the one of triangulations. Nous établissons une formule de récurrence simple pour le nombre $Q_g^n$ de cartes enracinées de genre $g$ à $n$ arêtes. Cette formule est une conséquence relativement simple du fait que la série génératrice des cartes biparties est une solution de l’équation KP et d’une équation de Tutte, et elle était apparemment passée inaperçue jusque là. Elle donne de loin le moyen le plus rapide pour calculer ces nombres, en particulier quand $g$est grand. La formule est d’apparence similaire à celle découverte par Goulden et Jackson pour les triangulations (quoique cette dernière ne repose pas sur une équation de Tutte additionnelle). Les deux formules ont une saveur très combinatoire, mais trouver une interprétation bijective reste un problème ouvert – mais si une telle interprétation existe, l’histoire des méthodes bijectives pour les cartes tendrait à montrer que le cas traité ici est plus facile pour commencer que celui des triangulations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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