IPA: Error Propagation Analysis of Multi-Threaded Programs Using Likely Invariants
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Error Propagation Analysis (EPA) is a technique forunderstanding how errors affect a program's execution and resultin program failures. For this purpose, EPA usually compares thetraces of a fault-free (golden) run with those from a faulty run ofthe program. This makes existing EPA approaches brittle for multithreadedprograms, which do not typically have a deterministicgolden run. In this paper, we study the use of likely invariantsgenerated by automated approaches as alternatives for goldenrun based EPA in multithreaded programs. We present InvariantPropagation Analysis (IPA), an approach and a framework forautomatically deriving invariants for multithreaded programs, and using the invariants for EPA. We evaluate the invariantsderived by IPA in terms of their coverage for different faulttypes across six representative programs through fault injectionexperiments. We find that stable invariants can be inferred in allsix programs, although their coverage of faults depends on theapplication and the fault type.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it