What Does It Mean to Be Canadian? Building National Identity for Secondary Students Through History
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada is becoming more and more diverse due to welcoming immigrants from all over the world. Redefining the meaning of being Canadian and constructing a new national identity endorsed by citizens of different cultural backgrounds is becoming an unavoidable issue in schools. This qualitative study explored how secondary History teachers are working to foster students’ concepts of Canadian identity in Toronto-area multicultural schools. Two senior secondary History teachers were interviewed. Both believe that effectively fostering a Canadian national identity in students is essential to History/Civics education. They also agree that both the bright and dark sides of Canadian history should be introduced in schools and teachers should equip students with the skills to critically understand their country’s past. Findings suggest that teaching practices and taught content in relation to Canadian identity may be becoming more and more inclusive and diverse in terms of both format and substance. Schools should make more effort to involve diverse parents and families into the process of national identity building.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.035 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".