The application of XANES for the examination of silver, gold, mercury, and sulfur on the daguerreotype surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used to study a freshly prepared reference daguerreotype surface as the first step in devising improved methods for the conservation of these important historic artifacts. The results are consistent with the formation of alloy image particles. Interdiffusion of gold and silver has led to the development of a silver–gold alloy; the composition varies with depth. The amount of gold appeared to be elevated in the highlighted regions of the image, whereas shadow regions have lower levels of gold on the surface. The apparent increase in gold within the highlighted region may be due to the larger surface area presented by an array of small image particles. The mercury used to develop the daguerreian image showed no evidence of oxidation while a mercury–silver alloy was detected. Sulfur-based contaminants are also detected. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".