Clinical trial of local anesthetic protocols for acute pain associated with caustic paste disbudding in dairy calves
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Caustic paste disbudding is becoming more commonplace in North America. A large body of work has examined pain control for cautery disbudding and surgical dehorning, but fewer studies have evaluated pain control for caustic paste disbudding, and results conflict regarding benefits of local anesthesia. In humans, the pain associated with a caustic, chemical burn can differ in nature, duration, and intensity compared with a thermal burn. The objective of this clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of either a lidocaine cornual nerve block or a topical anesthetic incorporated into caustic paste on the acute pain of caustic paste disbudding. Seventy-two Holstein-Friesian calves housed in groups with an automated milk feeder were enrolled into 18 replicates balanced on age and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: sham (S), placebo paste and a saline cornual block; topical (T), a novel caustic paste containing lidocaine and prilocaine, and a saline cornual block; cornual block (B), commercial caustic paste and a lidocaine cornual nerve block; and positive (P), commercial caustic paste and a saline cornual block. All calves received 0.5 mg/kg of meloxicam SC at the time of the block. Researchers were blinded to treatment group. Primary outcomes were validated pain behavior responses and pain sensitivity measured by algometry. Secondary outcomes consisted of respiratory and heart rate, latency to approach the evaluator, play behavior, feeding behavior, and standing and lying bout characteristics. Data were analyzed using linear, Poisson, and negative binomial regression models. Cornual-blocked calves had less pain sensitivity to 180 min after disbudding than all other groups; T and P calves had more pain sensitivity than S calves for the same time period. Compared with T and P calves, B and S calves had fewer pain behaviors until 120 min postdisbudding, decreased respiratory and heart rates, and a shorter latency to feed. The S calves exhibited more play behavior than other groups. Caustic paste appears to be acutely painful for at least 180 min, and this is reduced by a cornual nerve block but not by our novel paste. Because caustic paste may result in a different pain experience than cautery, use of a variety of metrics assessing affective state, physiologic responses, and normal behaviors, such as feeding and lying, should be included into future trials to help assess the welfare of calves disbudded by this method. We recommend that calves disbudded with caustic paste receive local anesthetic with a cornual nerve block as well as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to mitigate acute pain.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it