Coupling Heat and Mass Transfer at Interface for ES-SAGD with Multicomponent Solvent Injection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Co-injection of solvent and steam in Expanding Solvent-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (ES-SAGD) increases the mobility of highly viscous oil relative to conventional SAGD wherein only steam is injected. This consequently results in higher oil production rates and lower energy consumption relative to SAGD due to the combined benefits of heating and dilution. Current efforts have been made to study mass transfer from a single-component-solvent/steam mixture into the heavy oil at the steam front, while the low-cost multicomponent solvent is actually co-injected with steam on the field, which presents a much more complicated interfacial condition.A generalized methodology has been developed to couple heat and mass transfer of this solventssteamheavy oil system at the interface.Results show that there exists a noticeable transient interface in the experiments and the mathematical model can reproduce the range of transit zone shown in the 2D glass-bead model with different multicomponent solvents.With the new methodology, an optimum multicomponent solvent can be screened from the ocean of solvent candidates for a best heat and mass transfer performance in an ES-SAGD process and hence the oil flux at the chamber edge can be maximized with a minimized solvent cost.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".