Abundant betaines in giant clams (Tridacnidae) and western Pacific reef corals, including study of coral betaine acclimatization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 576:27-41 (2017) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12181 Abundant betaines in giant clams (Tridacnidae) and western Pacific reef corals, including study of coral betaine acclimatization Richard W. Hill1,*, Eric J. Armstrong1,3, Aaron M. Florn1,4, Chao Li2,5, Ryan W. Walquist1,6, Ahser Edward† 1Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 2Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 3Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 4Present address: Nikon Instruments, Inc., 1300 Walt Whitman Road, Melville, NY 11747, USA 5Present address: Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 6Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada *Corresponding author: hillr@msu.edu†‑Deceased; formerly at College of Micronesia-FSM, Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia ABSTRACT: A large literature documents that betaines play significant roles in protecting photosynthesis in the face of multiple stresses, including heat and photon stresses, in terrestrial plants and free-living algae. Betaines therefore can be expected to defend against photosystem stresses (e.g. photoinhibition and bleaching) in reef-building corals and tridacnid clams (both symbiotic with algae) in addition to functioning as osmolytes employed in osmotic stress defense. Nonetheless, the presence of betaines has just started to be studied in corals and has never before been investigated in tridacnids. The present research demonstrates the following. (1) Betaines, especially aminovaleric acid betaine and glycine betaine (GlyB), are abundant metabolites in all 4 major tissues of 5 tridacnid species studied. (2) Pacific corals have at least 9 betaines rather than only 1 as previously reported. (3) In regards to concentrations of betaines in Pacific corals, GlyB and proline betaine (ProB) typically dominate. Taxa differ in betaine profiles, however, including that Acropora spp. are exceptionally low in total betaines and Porites spp. have (in addition to GlyB and ProB) relatively high concentrations of alanine betaine, hydroxyproline betaine, and taurine betaine. (4) Genus-specific betaine profiles in corals may well be consistent across the Pacific basin. (5) During a year of laboratory acclimatization, coral species studied declined in bulk skeletal density and underwent both increases and decreases in betaine concentrations. KEY WORDS: Stress resistance · Photoinhibition · Bleaching · Symbiodinium · Chemical ecology · Metabolite · Osmolyte Full text in pdf format Correction PreviousNextCite this article as: Hill RW, Armstrong EJ, Florn AM, Li C, Walquist RW, Edward A (2017) Abundant betaines in giant clams (Tridacnidae) and western Pacific reef corals, including study of coral betaine acclimatization. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 576:27-41. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12181 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 576. Online publication date: August 03, 2017 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2017 Inter-Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".