Reliability and Uncertainty in Analysis of Rammed Earth Walls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper deals with reliability analysis and uncertainty of rammed earth (RE) structures as a widely used sustainable and environment-friendly structure. Due to lack of comprehensive design standards, the engineers often rely on "rule-of-thumb" methods, which leads to quite conservative or unsafe designs. In this study, uncertainty of load and resistance parameters were included in analysis of rammed earth structures. The reliability index and failure probability of RE structures were evaluated using First-Order-Reliability-Method (FORM). The analysis was performed based on the different loads and resistance random variables parameters. Based on the results, the recommended wall thickness by various codes are quite conservative. On the other hands, larger wall thickness is required under severe loadings conditions. The compressive strength of unstabilized materials under severe loading conditions should be more than minimum recommended. The sensitivity analysis on the random variables indicates that the compressive strength and the environmental loads factors are the most important random variables that contribute to reliability of the structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".