A Compact V-Band Planar Gap-Coupled $4\times 1$ Antenna Array: Improved Design and Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a broadband 60-GHz millimeter-wave 4 x 1 microstrip patch antenna array using the gap-coupled technique is presented and analyzed. In order to meet the challenging requirement of reduced size related to this kind of technique, and facilitate the integration with other integrated passive or active devices, the proposed antenna array has been designed on a thin ceramic substrate (εr= 9.9 and h = 127 μm), using an miniature hybrid microwave integrated circuits (MHMIC) fabrication process. The proposed structure is based on a modified shape of a gap-coupled patch element with curved radiating edges. For further analysis, the performances of the latter in terms of impedance bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency were investigated and compared with a conventional structure of a rectangular gap-coupled patch antenna. The obtained results clearly show that the proposed gap-coupled array structure provides an improved bandwidth (7%) and an enhanced gain (10.7 dB), while maintaining a reduced size (5.2 mm x 9.5 mm). All these benefits make it an attractive candidate for the future integrated millimeter-wave RF front-end circuits; it can, however, be connected directly to various MHMIC passive circuits, or active devices through using the wire bonding technology, on a standard thin-film alumina substrate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".