Dewatering optimization with in-line and real-time measurement of polymer: results from full-scale treatment plants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Full-scale testing was carried out at two wastewater treatment plants to determine whether residual polymer concentration, measured by filtrate and centrate absorbance at 191 nm, can be used to identify the optimum polymer dose and achieve in-line and real-time dewatering optimization. The first plant uses high speed centrifuges and the second plant uses belt filter presses for dewatering. During the testing, the polymer dose incrementally increased to cover the under-dose, optimum dose and over-dose polymer ranges, and the centrate/filtrate absorbance at 191 nm, turbidity and cake solids were measured. The results showed that absorbance measurements at 191 nm exhibited a parabolic shaped curve with increasing polymer dose, where the minimum absorbance corresponded to the optimum polymer dose. The method can directly measure the residual polymer concentration and determine the optimum polymer dose accordingly, and is planned to be used in the development of a dewatering automation system in the future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".