A comparative analysis of scientific outputs of countries formed from former Yugoslav republics and other countries for the period 2008-2012
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Scientific outputs of six countries (republics of the former Yugoslavia ? the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia): Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Montenegro were discussed in this paper. For the purpose of comparison, the data for seven neighbouring countries of the former Yugoslavia (Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Austria and Italy) were given as well. Also, the data for the Group of Eight (G8) countries (the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Germany, Japan and the Russian Federation) and some European countries similar in population to ex-Yugoslav republics were included. To gain a more complete picture on the outputs in scientific production (e.g., publications and patents), data on several developed European countries, as well as the countries from other continents were given. The analysis, which included 33 countries, was made based on different bibliometric indicators for the period of five years (2008?2012). The data were collected from international databases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.018 | 0.036 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".