Interdiffusion of Cations from Metal Oxide Surface Coatings into LiCoO<sub>2</sub> During Sintering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surface coatings on positive electrode materials can improve their electrochemical performance in lithium ion batteries, especially at high operating voltages. Cations in the surface coating can diffuse into the positive electrode material during sintering steps after coating. A simple “two-pellet” method was used to measure the concentration profiles of M = Al 3+, Mg 2+ ions from the pure MO x coating layer to the pure LiCoO 2 matrix after heat treatment at various temperatures using energy dispersive spectroscopy. The interdiffusion coefficients between M atoms and Co increase with heating temperature. Accordingly, the diffusion distances of M and Co between the MO x and the LiCoO 2 are affected by the sintering temperature and time. The activation barrier for diffusion was determined using the Arrhenius equation to be about 88 kJ/mol for the Al 3+ /Co 3+ couple and about 100 kJ/mol for the Mg 2+ /Co 3+ couple. The measured and fitting diffusion constants were used to simulate the diffusion Al 3+ in a 100 nm Al 2 O 3 coating layer on spherical LiCoO 2 particles during heat treatment. These results will be very helpful to guide the design of surface-modified positive electrode materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".